RKV65 (Verner)

class pathsim.solvers.rkv65.RKV65(*solver_args, **solver_kwargs)[source]

Bases: ExplicitRungeKutta

Verner 6(5) “most robust” pair. Nine stages, 6th order with embedded 5th order error estimate.

Characteristics

  • Order: 6 (propagating) / 5 (embedded)

  • Stages: 9

  • Explicit, adaptive timestep

Note

Fills the gap between 5th order pairs (RKDP54) and the expensive 8th order RKDP87. The extra stages pay off when the dynamics are smooth and tolerances are tight (roughly \(10^{-8}\) or below), because the higher order allows much larger steps. For tolerances in the \(10^{-4}\)–\(10^{-6}\) range, RKDP54 is usually cheaper overall due to fewer stages.

References